Detailed Element Data – Seto's Page

Z	Sym.	Name (JP)	Name	Etymology	Atomic Mass	Group	Per.	Electron Config.	Oxidation States	Electro- negativity	Atomic Radius (Å)	Natural Abundance (%)	Melting Point (°C)	Boiling Point (°C)	Density (g/cm³)	Discoverer	Class.	Notes
1	H	Hydrogen (JP)	Hydrogen	water-making(Fr)	1.007947	1/IA	1	1s1	-1, +1	2.1	0.30(cov), 1.2(vdW)	99.9851(1), 0.0151(2)	-259.14	-252.8	0.0000898	Cavendish (1766, (Eng))	Nonmetal	Sometimes placed in group VIIB.
2	He	Helium	Helium	sun(Gr)	4.0026022	18/0	1	1s2	0	–	1.50(vdW)	0.0001373(3), 99.9998633(4)	-272.2	-268.9	0.000179	Lockyer(1868, (Eng))	Noble gas(Nonmetal)	–
3	Li	Lithium	Lithium	stone(Gr)	6.9412	1/IA	2	[He]2s1	+1	1	0.90(+), 1.52(Gold)	7.52(6), 92.52(7)	179	1327	0.534	Arfvedson(1817, Sweden)	Alkali metal(Post-trans.)	–
4	Be	Beryllium	Beryllium	berylstone(Eng)	9.0121823	2/IIA	2	[He]2s2	+2	1.5	0.41(2+), 1.11(Gold)	100(9)	1278	2399	1.84	Vauquelin(1797, (Fr))	Post-trans.(Alk. earth)	Not currently alk. earthClass.classified
5	B	Boron	Boron	borax(Eng)	10.8115	13/IIIB	2	[He]2s2, 2p1	+3	2	0.26(3+), 0.81(cov)	19.92(10), 80.12(11)	2300	2527	2.53	Gay-Lussac(1808, (Fr))	Nonmetal	–
6	C	Carbon	Carbon		12.0111	14/IVB	2	[He]2s2, 2p2	-4, +2, +4	2.5	2.46(4-), 0.77(cov)	98.903(12), 1.103(13)	3500 or above	4918	2.25	Ancient	Nonmetal	M.P./B.P./density for graphite
7	N	Nitrogen	Nitrogen	nitrestone(Eng)	14.006747	15/VB	2	[He]2s2, 2p3	-3, +3, +5	3.1	1.57(3-), 0.74(cov), 1.5(vdW)	99.6349(14), 0.3669(15)	-209.86	-195.8	0.00125	Rutherford(1772, (Eng))	Nonmetal	–
8	O	Oxygen	Oxygen	acid-making (Gr)	15.99943	16/VIB	2	[He]2s2, 2p4	-1, -2	3.5	1.28(2-), 0.74(cov), 1.40(vdW)	99.76215(16), 0.0383(17), 0.20012(18)	-214.8	-182.97	0.001429	Priestley(1774, (Eng))	Chalcogen(Nonmetal)	–
9	F	Fluorine	Fluorine	flowing(Lat)	18.99840329	17/VIIB	2	[He]2s2, 2p5	-1	4.1	1.19(-), 0.72(cov), 1.35(vdW)	100(19)	-219.62	-188.14	0.00171	Moissan(1886, (Fr))	Halogen(Nonmetal)	–
10	Ne	Neon	Neon	new(Gr)	20.17976	18/0	2	[He]2s2, 2p6	0	–	1.59(vdW)	90.483(20), 0.271(21), 9.253(22)	-248.67	-246.1	0.0009	Ramsay, Travers(1898, (Eng))	Noble gas(Nonmetal)	–
11	Na	Sodium	Sodium	symbol from old name of soda	22.9897686	1/IA	3	[Ne]3s1	+1	1	1.16(+), 1.91(Gold)	100(23)	97.81	881	0.97	Davy(1807, (Eng))	Alkali metal(Post-trans.)	–
12	Mg	Magnesium	Magnesium	from place name	24.30506	2/IIA	3	[Ne]3s2	+2	1.3	0.86(2+), 1.60(Gold)	78.993(24), 10.001(25), 11.011(26)	651	1097	1.74	Davy(1808, (Eng))	Post-trans.(Alk. earth)	Not currently alk. earthClass.classified.
13	Al	Aluminum	Aluminium	alum(Lat)	26.9815395	13/IIIB	3	[Ne]3s2, 3p1	+3	1.5	0.68(3+), 1.43(Gold)	100(27)	660.4	2486	2.69	Wöhler(1827, (Ger))	Post-trans.	Amphoteric.
14	Si	Silicon	Silicon		28.08553	14/IVB	3	[Ne]3s2, 3p2	+2, +4	1.8	0.54(4+), 1.17(cov)	92.231(28), 4.671(29), 3.101(30)	1414	2642	2.34	Berzelius(1824, Sweden)	Nonmetal	–
15	P	Phosphorus	Phosphorus	luminous(Gr)	30.9737624	15/VB	3	[Ne]3s2, 3p3	-3, +3, +5	2.1	1.98(3-), 1.10(cov), 1.9(vdW)	100(31)	589.5	–	2.35	Brandt(1669, (Ger))	Nonmetal	M.P./B.P./density for red P.
16	S	Sulfur	Sulfur		32.0666	16/VIB	3	[Ne]3s2, 3p4	-2, +4, +6	2.4	1.70(2-), 1.04(cov), 1.85(vdW)	95.029(32), 0.754(33), 4.218(34), 0.021(36)	112.98	444.6	2.07	Ancient	Chalcogen(Nonmetal)	M.P./B.P./density for orthorhombic S
17	Cl	Chlorine	Chlorine	yellow-green(Gr)	35.45279	17/VIIB	3	[Ne]3s2, 3p5	-1, +1, +3, +5,+7,	2.9	1.67(-), 0.99(cov), 1.80(vdW)	75.777(35), 24.237(37)	-101	-34.11	0.00321	Scheele(1774, Sweden)	Halogen(Nonmetal)	–
18	Ar	Argon	Argon	lazy(Gr)	39.9481	18/0	3	[Ne]3s2, 3p6	0	–	1.91(vdW)	0.336530(36), 0.06325(38), 99.600330(40)	-189.2	-185.9	0.001784	Ramsay, Rayleigh(1894, (Eng))	Noble gas(Nonmetal)	–
19	K	Potassium	Potassium	symbol from ash(sub-)	39.09831	1/IA	4	[Ar]4s1	+1	0.9	1.52(+), 2.35(Gold)	93.258144(39), 0.01171(40), 6.730244(41)	63.5	765.5	0.86	Davy(1807, (Eng))	Alkali metal(Post-trans.)	–
20	Ca	Calcium	Calcium	stoneash(Lat)	40.0784	2/IIA	4	[Ar]4s2	+2	1.1	1.14(2+), 1.97(Gold)	96.94118(40), 0.6479(42), 2.08612(44), 0.1874(48)	848	1487	1.54	Davy(1808, (Eng))	Alk. earth(Post-trans.)	Also mass no.43and46exist.
21	Sc	Scandium	Scandium	from place name	44.9559109	3/IIIA	4	[Ar]3d1, 4s2	+3	1.2	–	100(45)	Solid at RT	–	–	Nilson(1879, Sweden)	Transition	–
22	Ti	Titanium	Titanium	from Greek myth god name	47.883	4/IVA	4	[Ar]3d2, 4s2	+2, +3, +4	1.3	–	8.01(46), 7.31(47), 73.81(48), 5.51(49), 5.41(50)	1675	3262	4.54	Gregor(1791, (Eng))	Transition	–
23	V	Vanadium	Vanadium	from Scand. goddess name	50.94151	5/VA	4	[Ar]3d3, 4s2	+2, +3, +4, +5	1.5	–	0.2502(50), 99.7502(51)	1890	3000 approx.	5.8	Sefström(1830, Sweden)	Transition	–
24	Cr	Chromium	Chromium	color(Gr)	51.99616	6/VIA	4	[Ar]3d5, 4s1	+2, +3, +4, +6	1.6	–	4.34513(50), 83.78918(52), 9.50117(53), 2.3657(54)	1890	2212	7.2	Vauquelin(1798, (Fr))	Transition	–
25	Mn	Manganese	Manganese	purification(Gr)	54.938051	7/VIIA	4	[Ar]3d5, 4s2	+2, +3, +4, +6,+7,	1.6	–	100(55)	1244	2152	7.42	Gahn(1774, Sweden)	Transition	–
26	Fe	Iron	Iron	symbol from Latin name	55.8473	8/Ⅷ	4	[Ar]3d6, 4s2	+2, +3	1.7	0.75(2+), 0.69(3+), 1.26(Gold)	5.81(54), 91.7230(56), 2.21(57), 0.281(58)	1535	2754	7.86	Ancient	Transition	–
27	Co	Cobalt	Cobalt	from Greek name of mine goblin	58.933201	9/Ⅷ	4	[Ar]3d7, 4s2	+2, +3	1.7	1.25(Gold)	100(59)	1494	2747	8.8	Brandt(1735, Sweden)	Transition	–
28	Ni	Nickel	Nickel	from mineral name	58.69342	10/Ⅷ	4	[Ar]3d8, 4s2	+2, +3	1.8	0.83(2+), 1.25(Gold)	68.0779(58), 26.2238(60), 1.1401(61), 3.6342(62)	1455	2731	8.85	Cronstedt(1751, Sweden)	Transition	Also mass no.64exist.
29	Cu	Copper	Copper	from place name	63.5463	11/IB	4	[Ar]3d10, 4s1	+1, +2	1.8	0.87(2+), 1.28(Gold)	69.173(63), 30.833(65)	1084.5	2580	8.93	Ancient	Coinage(Transition)	–
30	Zn	Zinc	Zinc		65.392	12/IIB	4	[Ar]3d10, 4s2	+2	1.7	0.88(2+), 1.37(Gold)	48.63(64), 27.92(66), 4.11(67), 18.84(68), 0.61(70)	419.58	903	7.12	1600or before	Post-trans.	Amphoteric.
31	Ga	Gallium	Gallium	from place name	69.7231	13/IIIB	4	[Ar]3d10, 4s2, 4p1	+2, +3	1.8	0.76(3+), 1.22(Gold)	60.1089(69), 39.8929(71)	29.78	2403	5.9	Lecoq de Boisbaudran(1875, (Fr))	Post-trans.	–
32	Ge	Germanium	Germanium	from place name	72.612	14/IVB	4	[Ar]3d10, 4s2, 4p2	+2, +4	2	0.68(4+), 1.23(Gold)	21.234(70), 27.663(72), 7.731(73), 35.942(74)	958.5	2691	5.4	Winkler(1886, (Ger))	Post-trans.	Also mass no.76exist.
33	As	Arsenic	Arsenic		74.921592	15/VB	4	[Ar]3d10, 4s2, 4p3	-3, +3, +5	2.2	2.08(3-), 1.21(cov), 2.0(vdW)	100(75)	817	613	5.73	1600or before	Nonmetal	M.P./B.P. for hex. crystal, density for gray As. B.P. is sublimation pt.
34	Se	Selenium	Selenium	moon(Gr)	78.963	16/VIB	4	[Ar]3d10, 4s2, 4p4	-2, +4, +6	2.5	1.84(2-), 1.17(cov), 2.00(vdW)	9.3611(76), 23.789(78), 49.6110(80), 8.736(82)	220.2	684.9	4.82	Berzelius(1817, Sweden)	Chalcogen(Nonmetal)	M.P./B.P. for ashcolorSeleniumvalues.Also mass no.74and77exist.
35	Br	Bromine	Bromine	stench(Gr)	79.9041	17/VIIB	4	[Ar]3d10, 4s2, 4p5	-1, +1, +5	2.8	1.82(-), 1.14(cov), 1.95(vdW)	50.697(79), 49.317(81)	-7.2	57.9	3.14	Balard(1826, (Fr))	Halogen(Nonmetal)	–
36	Kr	Krypton	Krypton	hidden(Gr)	83.801	18/0	4	[Ar]3d10, 4s2, 4p6	0	–	2.01(vdW)	2.252(80), 11.61(82), 11.51(83), 57.03(84), 17.32(86)	-156.6	-153.4	0.003739	Ramsay, Travers(1898, (Eng))	Noble gas(Nonmetal)	Also mass no.78exist.
37	Rb	Rubidium	Rubidium	dark redcolor(Lat)	85.46783	1/IA	5	[Kr]5s1	+1	0.9	1.63(+), 2.48(Gold)	72.16520(85), 27.83520(87)	38.89	679.5	1.532	Bunsen(1861, (Ger))	Alkali metal(Post-trans.)	–
38	Sr	Strontium	Strontium	from place name	87.621	2/IIA	5	[Kr]5s2	+2	1	1.30(2+), 2.15(Gold)	0.561(84), 9.861(86), 7.001(87), 82.581(88)	769	1383	2.6	Davy(1808, (Eng))	Alk. earth(Post-trans.)	–
39	Y	Yttrium	Yttrium	from place name	88.905852	3/IIIA	5	[Kr]4d1, 5s2	+3	1.1	–	100(89)	1495	2927	5.51	Gadolin(1794, Finland)	Transition	–
40	Zr	Zirconium	Zirconium	from mineral name	91.2242	4/IVA	5	[Kr]4d2, 5s2	+4	1.2	–	51.453(90), 11.224(91), 17.152(92), 17.384(94)	1852	3578	6.53	Klaproth(1789, (Ger))	Transition	Also mass no.96exist.
41	Nb	Niobium	Niobium	from Greek myth god name	92.906382	5/VA	5	[Kr]4d4, 5s1	+2, +3, +4+5	1.3	–	100(93)	2467	–	8.56	Hatchett(1801, (Eng))	Transition	–
42	Mo	Molybdenum	Molybdenum	Lead(Gr)	95.941	6/VIA	5	[Kr]4d5, 5s1	+2, +3, +4+5, +6	1.3	–	14.844(92), 15.925(95), 16.685(96), 24.137(98)	2610	4804	10.2	Scheele(1778, Sweden)	Transition	Also mass no.94and97, 100exist.
43	Tc	Technetium	Technetium	Artificial(Gr)	[99]	7/VIIA	5	[Kr]4d5, 5s2	+4, +6, +7	1.4	–	–	Solid at RT	–	–	Segrè(1937, (US))	Transition	No stable isotopes
44	Ru	Ruthenium	Ruthenium	from place name	101.072	8/Ⅷ	5	[Kr]4d7, 5s1	+2, +3, 4, +5, +6, +7, +8,	1.4	–	12.71(99), 17.01(101), 31.62(102), 18.72(104)	2250	3900	12.06	Claus(1844, Russia)	Pt group(Transition)	Also mass no.96and98, 100exist.
45	Rh	Rhodium	Rhodium	rose(Gr)	102.905503	9/Ⅷ	5	[Kr]4d8, 5s1	+1, +2, +3, +4	1.5	–	100(103)	1963	3727	12.44	Wollaston(1803, (Eng))	Pt group(Transition)	–
46	Pd	Palladium	Palladium	from planet name	106.421	10/Ⅷ	5	[Kr]4d10	+2, +4	1.4	–	22.338(105), 27.333(106), 26.469(108), 11.729(110)	1554	–	12.16	Wollaston(1803, (Eng))	Pt group(Transition)	Also mass no.102and104exist.
47	Ag	Silver	Silver		107.86822	11/IB	5	[Kr]4d10, 5s1	+1, +2	1.4	1.44(Gold)	51.8397(107), 48.1617(109)	961.93	2184	10.5	Ancient	Coinage(Transition)	–
48	Cd	Cadmium	Cadmium	Zinccalamine(Gr)	112.4118	12/IIB	5	[Kr]4d10, 5s2	+2	1.5	–	12.4912(110), 12.808(111), 24.1314(112), 28.7328(114)	321.1	764.3	8.64	Stromeyer(1817, (Ger))	Post-trans.	Also mass no.106and108, 113, 116exist.
49	In	Indium	Indium	indigo(Gr)	114.8183	13/IIIB	5	[Kr]4d10, 5s2, 5p1	+1, +, 3	1.5	0.93(3+), 1.63(Gold)	4.32(113), 95.72(115)	156.63	2000 approx.	7.3	Reich, Richter(1863, (Ger))	Post-trans.	–
50	Sn	Tin	Tin	symbol from Latin name	118.7107	14/IVB	5	[Kr]4d10, 5s2, 5p2	+2, +4	1.7	0.83(4+), 1.58(Gold)	14.531(116), 24.2311(118), 8.594(119), 32.5910(120)	231.9681	2270	7.28	Ancient	Post-trans.	Density for white tetragonal. Mass no.112and114, 115, 117, 122, 124exist.
51	Sb	Antimony	Antimony	symbol from Latin name	121.7573	15/VB	5	[Kr]4d10, 5s2, 5p3	+3, +5	1.8	0.75(5+), 1.45(Gold), 2.2(vdW)	57.368(121), 42.648(123)	630.7	1617	6.69	1600or before	Post-trans.	–
52	Te	Tellurium	Tellurium	earth(Lat)	127.603	16/VIB	5	[Kr]4d10, 5s2, 5p4	-2, +4, +6	2	2.07(2-), 1.37(cov), 2.20(vdW)	7.1396(125), 18.951(126), 31.691(128), 33.801(130)	449.8	989.8	6.25	Müller(1783, (US))	Chalcogen(Nonmetal)	Also mass no.120and122, 123, 124exist.
53	I	Iodine	Iodine	violetcolor(Gr)	126.904473	17/VIIB	5	[Kr]4d10, 5s2, 5p5	-1, +1, +5, +7	2.2	2.06(-), 1.33(cov), 2.15(vdW)	100(127)	113.6	182.8	4.93	Courtois(1811, (US))	Halogen(Nonmetal)	–
54	Xe	Xenon	Xenon	stranger(Gr)	131.292	18/0	5	[Kr]4d10, 5s2, 5p6	0	–	2.20(vdW)	26.46(129), 21.24(131), 26.95(132), 10.42(134)	-111.9	-108.1	0.005896	Ramsay, Travers(1898, (Eng))	Noble gas(Nonmetal)	Also mass no.124and126, 128, 130, 136exist.
55	Cs	Cesium	Caesium	sky bluecolor(Lat)	132.905435	1/IA	6	[Xe]6s1	+1	0.9	1.84(+), 2.65(Gold)	100(133)	28.5	703.3	1.87	Bunsen(1860, (Ger))	Alkali metal(Post-trans.)	–
56	Ba	Barium	Barium	heavy(Gr)	137.3277	2/IIA	6	[Xe]6s2	+2	0.9	1.49(2+), 2.17(Gold)	6.59218(135), 7.85436(136), 11.234(137), 71.707(138)	725	1639	3.5	Davy(1808, (Eng))	Alk. earth(Post-trans.)	Also mass no.130and132, 134exist.
57	La	Lanthanum	Lanthanum	hidden(Gr)	138.90552	3/IIIA	6	[Xe]5d1, 6s2	+3	1.1	–	0.09022(138), 99.90982(139)	Solid at RT	–	6.15	Mosander(1839, Sweden)	Lanthanide(Transition)	–
58	Ce	Cerium	Cerium	from planet name	140.1154	3/IIIA	6	[Xe]4f1, 5d1, 6s2	+3, +4	(1.0-1.2)	–	0.191(136), 0.251(138), 88.4810(140), 11.0810(142)	795	2527	6.8	Berzelius(1803, Sweden)	Lanthanide(Transition)	–
59	Pr	Praseodymium	Praseodymium	leek green / twin(Gr)	140.907653	3/IIIA	6	[Xe], 4f3, 6s2	+3, +4	(1.0-1.2)	–	100(141)	Solid at RT	–	6.47	Welsbach(1885, Austria)	Lanthanide(Transition)	–
60	Nd	Neodymium	Neodymium	new / twin(Gr)	144.243	3/IIIA	6	[Xe], 4f4, 6s2	+3	(1.0-1.2)	–	27.1312(142), 12.186(143), 23.8012(144), 17.199(146)	Solid at RT	–	7	Welsbach(1885, Austria)	Lanthanide(Transition)	Also mass no.145and148, 150exist.
61	Pm	Promethium	Promethium	from Greek myth god name	[145]	3/IIIA	6	[Xe], 4f5, 6s2	–	(1.0-1.2)	–	–	Solid at RT	–	–	Marinsky, Glendenin(1945, (US))	Lanthanide(Transition)	No stable isotopes
62	Sm	Samarium	Samarium	from person name	150.363	3/IIIA	6	[Xe], 4f6, 6s2	+3	(1.0-1.2)	–	15.02(147), 13.81(149), 26.72(152), 22.72(154)	1072	1900 approx.	7.7	Lecoq de Boisbaudran(1879, (Fr))	Lanthanide(Transition)	Also mass no.144and148, 150exist.
63	Eu	Europium	Europium	from region name	151.9659	3/IIIA	6	[Xe], 4f7, 6s2	+2, +3	(1.0-1.2)	–	47.815(151), 52.215(153)	Solid at RT	–	–	Demarcay(1901, (Fr))	Lanthanide(Transition)	–
64	Gd	Gadolinium	Gadolinium	from person name	157.253	3/IIIA	6	[Xe], 4f7, 5d1, 6s2	+3	(1.0-1.2)	–	20.474(156), 15.653(157), 24.8412(158), 21.864(160)	1312	3000 approx.	–	Marignac(1880, Switzerland)	Lanthanide(Transition)	Also mass no.152and154, 155exist.
65	Tb	Terbium	Terbium	from place name	158.925343	3/IIIA	6	[Xe], 4f9, 6s2	+3, +4	(1.0-1.2)	–	100(159)	Solid at RT	–	–	Mosander(1843, Sweden)	Lanthanide(Transition)	–
66	Dy	Dysprosium	Dysprosium	hard to reach(Gr)	162.503	3/IIIA	6	[Xe], 4f10, 6s2	+3	(1.0-1.2)	–	18.92(161), 25.52(162), 24.92(163), 28.22(164)	Solid at RT	–	–	Lecoq de Boisbaudran(1886, (Fr))	Lanthanide(Transition)	Also mass no.156and158, 160exist.
67	Ho	Holmium	Holmium	from place name	164.930323	3/IIIA	6	[Xe], 4f11, 6s2	+3	(1.0-1.2)	–	100(165)	Solid at RT	–	–	Cleve(1879, Sweden)	Lanthanide(Transition)	–
68	Er	Erbium	Erbium	from place name	167.263	3/IIIA	6	[Xe], 4f12, 6s2	+3	(1.0-1.2)	–	33.62(166), 22.9515(167), 26.82(168), 14.92(170)	Solid at RT	–	9.066	Mosander(1843, Sweden)	Lanthanide(Transition)	Also mass no.162and164exist.
69	Tm	Thulium	Thulium	from place name	168.934213	3/IIIA	6	[Xe], 4f13, 6s2	+3	(1.0-1.2)	–	100(169)	Solid at RT	–	–	Cleve(1879, Sweden)	Lanthanide(Transition)	–
70	Yb	YtTerbium	Ytterbium	from place name	173.043	3/IIIA	6	[Xe], 4f14, 6s2	+2, +3	(1.0-1.2)	–	14.32(171), 21.93(172), 16.1221(173), 31.84(174)	Solid at RT	–	–	Marignac(1878, Switzerland)	Lanthanide(Transition)	Also168and170, 176exist.
71	Lu	Lutetium	Lutetium	from place name	174.9671	3/IIIA	6	[Xe], 4f14, 5d1, 6s2	+3	(1.0-1.2)	–	97.412(175), 2.592(176)	Solid at RT	–	9.84	Welsbach(1907, Austria)	Lanthanide(Transition)	–
72	Hf	Hafnium	Hafnium	from place name	178.492	4/IVA	6	[Xe]4f14, 5d2, 6s2	+4	1.2	–	18.6064(177), 27.2974(178), 35.1007(180)	1700	–	13.3	Hevesy(1923, Hungary)	Transition	Also mass no.174and176, 179exist.
73	Ta	Tantalum	Tantalum	Greek myth from person name	180.94791	5/VA	6	[Xe]4f14, 5d3, 6s2	+2, +3, +4,+5,	1.4	–	0.0122(180), 99.9882(181)	2996	5425	16.6	Ekeberg(1802, Sweden)	Transition	–
74	W	Tungsten	Tungsten	from mineral name (also symbol)	183.841	6/VIA	6	[Xe]4f14, 5d4, 6s2	+2, +4, +5,+6,	1.4	–	26.32(182), 14.31(183), 30.6715(184), 28.62(186)	3387	5927	19.1	Scheele(1783, Sweden)	Transition	Also mass no.180exist.
75	Re	Rhenium	Rhenium	from place name	186.2071	7/VIIA	6	[Xe]4f14, 5d5, 6s2	+3, +4, +5,+6+7,	1.5	–	37.402(185), 62.602(187)	3180	5627	21.2	Noddack(1925, (Ger))	Transition	–
76	Os	Osmium	Osmium	odor(Gr)	190.233	8/Ⅷ	6	[Xe]4f14, 5d6, 6s2	+2, +3, +4,+6,	1.5	–	13.37(188), 16.18(189), 26.412(190), 41.08(192)	2700	5500 approx.	22.5	Tennant(1804, (Eng))	Pt group(Transition)	Also mass no.184and186, 187exist.
77	Ir	Iridium	Iridium	rainbow(Gr)	192.223	9/Ⅷ	6	[Xe]4f14, 5d7, 6s2	+1, +2, +3,+4,	1.6	–	37.35(191), 62.75(193)	2457	4527	22.5	Tennant(1804, (Eng))	Pt group(Transition)	–
78	Pt	Platinum	Platinum	Silver((Sp))	195.083	10/Ⅷ	6	[Xe]4f14, 5d9, 6s1	+2, +4	1.5	1.39(Gold)	32.96(194), 33.86(195), 25.36(196), 7.22(198)	1772	3827	21.37	Ulloa(1748, Spain)	Pt group(Transition)	Also mass no.190and192exist.
79	Au	Gold	Gold		196.966543	11/IB	6	[Xe]4f14, 5d10, 6s1	+1, +3	1.4	1.44(Gold)	100(197)	1064.43	2710	19.3	Ancient	Coinage(Transition)	–
80	Hg	waterSilver	Mercury	from Greek myth god name	200.592	12/IIB	6	[Xe]4f14, 5d10, 6s2	+1, +2	1.5	1.16(2+), 1.55(Gold)	16.8710(199), 23.1016(200), 13.188(201), 29.8620(202)	-38.86	356.72	13.59	Ancient	Post-trans.	Also mass no.196and198, 204exist.
81	Tl	Thallium	Thallium	green shoot(Gr)	204.38332	13/IIIB	6	[Xe]4f14, 5d10, 6s2, 6p1	+1, +3	1.5	1.20(3+), 1.70(Gold)	29.52414(203), 70.47614(205)	302.5	1457	11.85	Crookes(1861, (Eng))	Post-trans.	–
82	Pb	Lead	Lead		207.21	14/IVB	6	[Xe]4f14, 5d10, 6s2, 6p2	+2, +4	1.6	1.33(2+), 0.92(4+), 1.75(Gold)	1.41(204), 24.11(206), 22.11(207), 52.41(208)	327.5	1750	11.34	Ancient	Post-trans.	–
83	Bi	Bismuth	Bismuth	from Arabic name	208.980373	15/VB	6	[Xe]4f14, 5d10, 6s2, 6p3	+3, +5	1.7	0.86(5+), 1.55(Gold)	100(209)	271.4	1560	9.8	1600or before	Post-trans.	–
84	Po	Polonium	Polonium	from place name	[210]	16/VIB	6	[Xe]4f14, 5d10, 6s2, 6p4	+2, +4, +6	1.8	1.67(Gold)	–	Solid at RT	–	–	The Curies(1898, (Fr))	Chalcogen(Post-trans.)	No stable isotopes
85	At	Astatine	Astatine	unstable(Gr)	[210]	17/VIIB	6	[Xe]4f14, 5d10, 6s2, 6p5	–	2	–	–	Solid at RT	–	–	Segrè(1940, (US))	Halogen(Nonmetal)	No stable isotopes
86	Rn	Radon	Radon	Radiumnear, meaning	[222]	18/0	6	[Xe]4f14, 5d10, 6s2, 6p6	0	–	–	–	-71	-61.9	0.00996	Dorn(1900, (Ger))	Noble gas(Nonmetal)	No stable isotopes
87	Fr	Francium	Francium	from place name	[223]	1/IA	7	[Rn]7s1	–	0.9	–	–	Solid at RT	–	–	Perey(1939, (Fr))	Alkali metal(Post-trans.)	No stable isotopes
88	Ra	Radium	Radium	radiation(Eng)	[226]	2/IIA	7	[Rn]7s2	+2	0.9	–	–	700	1137	6 approx.	The Curies(1898, (Fr))	Alk. earth(Post-trans.)	No stable isotopes
89	Ac	Actinium	Actinium	ray(Gr)	[227]	3/IIIA	7	[Rn]6d1, 7s2	+3	1	–	–	Solid at RT	–	–	Debierne(1899, (Fr))	Actinide(Transition)	No stable isotopes
90	Th	Thorium	Thorium	from Scand. thunder god name	232.03811	3/IIIA	7	[Rn]6d2, 7s2	+4	(1.0-1.2)	–	100(232)	1800 approx.	3000 approx.	11.7	Berzelius(1828, Sweden)	Actinide(Transition)	–
91	Pa	proto-Actinium	Protactinium	proto-actinium, meaning	231.035882	3/IIIA	7	[Rn]5f2, 6d1, 7s2	+4, +5	(1.0-1.2)	–	–	Solid at RT	–	–	Hahn, Soddy(1917, (Ger), (Eng))	Actinide(Transition)	–
92	U	Uranium	Uranium	from planet name	238.02891	3/IIIA	7	[Rn]5f3, 6d1, 7s2	+2, +3, +4,+5, +6,	(1.0-1.2)	–	0.00555(234), 0.720012(235), 99.274560(238)	1133	3887	18.7	Klaproth(1789, (Ger))	Actinide(Transition)	–
93	Np	Neptunium	Neptunium	from planet name	[237]	3/IIIA	7	[Rn]5f4, 6d1, 7s2	+3, +4, +5,+6,	(1.0-1.2)	–	–	Solid at RT	–	–	McMillan, Abelson(1940, (US))	Actinide(Transition)	No stable isotopes
94	Pu	Plutonium	Plutonium	from planet name	[239]	3/IIIA	7	[Rn]5f6, 7s2	+3, +4, +5,+6,	(1.0-1.2)	–	–	639.5	3235	–	Seaborg(1940, (US))	Actinide(Transition)	No stable isotopes
95	Am	Americium	Americium	from place name	[243]	3/IIIA	7	[Rn]5f7, 7s2	–	(1.0-1.2)	–	–	Solid at RT	–	–	Seaborg(1944, (US))	Actinide(Transition)	No stable isotopes
96	Cm	Curium	Curium	from person name	[247]	3/IIIA	7	[Rn]5f7, 6d1, 7s2	–	(1.0-1.2)	–	–	Solid at RT	–	–	Seaborg(1944, (US))	Actinide(Transition)	No stable isotopes
97	Bk	Berkelium	Berkelium	from place name	[247]	3/IIIA	7	[Rn]5f9, 7s2	–	(1.0-1.2)	–	–	Solid at RT	–	–	Seaborg(1949, (US))	Actinide(Transition)	No stable isotopes
98	Cf	Californium	Californium	from place name	[252]	3/IIIA	7	[Rn]5f10, 7s2	–	(1.0-1.2)	–	–	Solid at RT	–	–	Seaborg(1950, (US))	Actinide(Transition)	No stable isotopes
99	Es	Einsteinium	Einsteinium	from person name	[252]	3/IIIA	7	[Rn]5f11, 7s2	–	(1.0-1.2)	–	–	Solid at RT	–	–	Ghiorso, Harvey(1952, (US))	Actinide(Transition)	No stable isotopes
100	Fm	Fermium	Fermium	from person name	[257]	3/IIIA	7	[Rn]5f12, 7s2	–	(1.0-1.2)	–	–	Solid at RT	–	–	Ghiorso, Harvey(1953, (US))	Actinide(Transition)	–
101	Md	Mendelevium	Mendelevium	from person name	[256]	3/IIIA	7	[Rn]5f13, 7s2	–	(1.0-1.2)	–	–	Solid at RT	–	–	Ghiorso, Harvey(1955, (US))	Actinide(Transition)	No stable isotopes
102	No	Nobelium	Nobelium	from person name	[259]	3/IIIA	7	[Rn]5f14, 7s2	–	(1.0-1.2)	–	–	Solid at RT	–	–	Nobel Institute(1957, Sweden)	Actinide(Transition)	No stable isotopes
103	Lr	Lawrencium	Lawrencium	from person name	[260]	3/IIIA	7	[Rn]5f14, 6d1, 7s2	–	(1.0-1.2)	–	–	Solid at RT	–	–	Univ. of California(1961, (US))	Actinide(Transition)	No stable isotopes
Z	Sym.	Na me	EnglishNa	Etymology	Atomic Mass	Group	Per.	Electron Config.	Oxidation States	Electroneg.	Atomic Radius (Å)	Nat. Abundance (%)	elemental M.P. (℃)	Boiling Point (°C)	elemental density (g cm^-3)	Discoverer	Class.	Notes